Pol d5, known as antigen 5, is a 23 kDa protein from the species Polistes dominulus. Its biological function is currently unknown. Antigen 5 is recognized as the main and most potent molecular allergen in the venoms of the Vespidae family, including paper wasps, common wasps, and European hornets. It is not present in bee venom.
Homologs of antigen 5 are known from various wasps, hornets, and paper wasps. Sequence similarity of about 98% is observed between P. dominulus and P. gallicus, which are European Polistes species. This similarity decreases when comparing Polistes from Europe and the USA, and even more so when antigen 5 is compared across different genera. For example, antigen 5 shows 69% and 60% sequence identity with homologous proteins from Dolichovespula maculata and Polistes annularis, respectively. Structural similarity between proteins suggests, but does not guarantee, clinical cross-reactivity in sensitive patients.
Antigen 5 has also been detected in the venoms of various ants, with significant variations demonstrated in protein sequence similarity to homologous proteins of different Vespidae species.
FEIA (Fluorescence Enzyme Immunoassay, ImmunoCAP (Solid-phase Immunofluorescence)) – quantitative determination.
Please note that the research method and reference values may vary depending on the equipment and test systems used.