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Aspergillus niger is a filamentous fungus widely found in the environment, particularly in soil and air in the form of spores. This fungus is an important pathogen of agricultural crops and can cause allergic and infectious diseases in humans. A. niger allergens are significant for occupational allergic diseases and respiratory allergies, as exposure occurs via inhalation. Despite the presence of several specific allergenic proteins, they are still insufficiently studied. Cross-reactivity with other Aspergillus species is often observed.
The molecular basis of A. niger allergens is well studied in the context of occupational allergens. It is known that glucoamylase, used in industrial baking, causes sensitization in susceptible individuals. Phytase, used in feed production, is the allergenic component Asp n25 and causes high sensitivity, so direct contact should be avoided. The role of A. niger allergens in the pathogenesis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is less studied; however, serine protease (Asp n18) is considered a potential major molecular allergen. Significant cross-reactivity is observed between allergens of different Aspergillus species, with A. niger having lower antigenicity compared to A. fumigatus. At the same time, A. niger does not cross-react with Alternaria alternata, which is clinically significant for fungal hypersensitivity.
FEIA (Fluorescence Enzyme Immunoassay) – quantitative determination.
Please note that the research method and reference values may vary depending on the equipment and test systems used.